6. ZigZag Conversion
problem description
The string "PAYPALISHIRING"
is written in a zigzag pattern on a given number of rows like this: (you may want to display this pattern in a fixed font for better legibility)
P A H N
A P L S I I G
Y I R
And then read line by line: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"
Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:
string convert(string s, int numRows);
example
Example 1:
Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 3
Output: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"
Example 2:
Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 4
Output: "PINALSIGYAHRPI"
Explanation:
P I N
A L S I G
Y A H R
P I
algorithm thought
开始拿到这个题的时候,想法是直接构造一个二维数组,按照zigzag顺序把字符串存入其中。但是这种方法太慢了,也太占用空间了,很多地方都没有存数据。
于是开始找规律,发现除了第一行和最后一行。中间每行都是两个纵向字符中夹着一个。首先找纵向字符的规律,每一行两个纵向字符位置差是,numRows*2-2。然后再找到中间夹着的字符是如何分布的。
code
class Solution {
public:
string convert(string s, int numRows) {
if(numRows==1)
return s;
string res="";
int step=numRows*2-2;
int step2=step;
for(int i=0;i<numRows;++i){
int j=i;
if(j>=s.size())
return res;
res.push_back(s[j]);
while(true){
if(i!=0&&i!=numRows-1){
if(j+step2<s.size())
res.push_back(s[j+step2]);
else
break;
}
if(j+step<s.size())
res.push_back(s[j+step]);
else
break;
j+=step;
}
step2-=2;
}
return res;
}
};
algorithm analysis
虽然函数中是双重循环,但是子循环的步数很大。整个算法只需要遍历一遍字符串即可,时间复杂度是O(n)
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